Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003) - Monaco (2006)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003) z Monaco (2006)

	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)	Monaco (2006)

Administrative divisions	-	none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 15.2% (male 2,539/female 2,417) 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,959/female 10,266) 65 years and over: 22.6% (male 3,015/female 4,347) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	none
Area	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island	total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.	The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Birth rate	-	9.19 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $719.2 million expenditures: $864.1 million; including capital expenditures of $283.1 million (2004)
Capital	-	name: Monaco geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	tropical	Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline	74.1 km	4.1 km
Constitution	-	17 December 1962
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands	conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco
Death rate	-	12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	-	$18 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) under the authority of the US ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	Monaco does not have an embassy in the US consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international	nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
Electricity - consumption	-	NA kWh
Electricity - imports	-	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups	-	French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Exchange rates	-	euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005) head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Exports	-	$656.5 million $NA note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 17% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate	-	0.9% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	12 14 S, 123 05 E	43 44 N, 7 24 E
Geography - note	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983	second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
Heliports	-	1 (2006)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$636.6 million $NA note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Independence	-	1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	1.9% (2000)
International organization participation	-	ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Labor force	-	41,110 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2004)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Languages	-	French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Legal system	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply	based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 79.69 years male: 75.85 years female: 83.74 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)
Location	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia, south of the Indonesian half of Timor island	Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references	Southeast Asia	Europe
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm
Merchant marine	-	registered in other countries: 77 (Bahamas 17, Barbados 1, Bermuda 2, France 1, Georgia 13, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 10, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 4, Panama 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Switzerland 2, unknown 1) (2006)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force	defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)
National holiday	-	National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Nationality	-	noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Natural hazards	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards	NA
Natural resources	fish	none
Net migration rate	-	7.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
People - note	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem	-
Political parties and leaders	-	National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM)
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2003 est.)	32,543 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	0.4% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	-
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Religions	-	Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Telephones - main lines in use	-	33,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	19,300 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	5 (1998)
Terrain	low with sand and coral	hilly, rugged, rocky
Total fertility rate	-	1.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	22% (1999)
Waterways	none	-

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